Optimasi proses fermentasi limbah pertanian menjadi bioetanol sebagai energi terbarukan
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fermentasi,
limbah pertanian,
energi terbarukan,
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Abstract
Pemanfaatan limbah pertanian sebagai bahan baku energi terbarukan merupakan solusi strategis untuk mengurangi ketergantungan terhadap bahan bakar fosil. Limbah seperti jerami padi, tongkol jagung, dan kulit singkong memiliki kandungan lignoselulosa tinggi yang berpotensi diubah menjadi bioetanol melalui proses fermentasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan proses fermentasi limbah pertanian menjadi bioetanol dengan variasi waktu dan konsentrasi substrat menggunakan Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan rancangan faktorial 3×3 dengan variasi waktu fermentasi (48, 72, 96 jam) dan konsentrasi substrat (10%, 15%, 20%). Analisis kadar bioetanol dilakukan dengan metode destilasi dan pengukuran menggunakan alkoholmeter. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi waktu fermentasi 72 jam dan konsentrasi substrat 15% menghasilkan kadar bioetanol tertinggi sebesar 8,9% (v/v). Uji ANOVA menunjukkan adanya pengaruh signifikan interaksi waktu dan konsentrasi substrat terhadap kadar bioetanol (p<0,05). Peningkatan waktu fermentasi di atas 72 jam tidak meningkatkan kadar bioetanol secara signifikan, diduga akibat penurunan aktivitas enzimatik ragi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa limbah pertanian memiliki potensi besar sebagai bahan baku bioetanol, dan optimasi proses fermentasi dapat meningkatkan efisiensi konversi biomassa menjadi energi terbarukan.
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